“Poland, country of central Europe. Poland is located at a geographic crossroads that links the forested lands of northwestern Europe and the sea lanes of the Atlantic Oceanto the fertile plains of the Eurasianfrontier. Now bounded by seven nations, Poland has waxed and waned over the centuries, buffeted by the forces of regional history. In the early Middle Ages, Poland’s small principalities and townships were subjugated by successive waves of invaders, from Germans and Balts to Mongols. In the mid-1500s, united Poland was the largest state in Europe and perhaps the continent’s most powerful nation. Yet two and a half centuries later, during the Partitions of Poland (1772–1918), it disappeared, parceled out among the contending empires of Russia, Prussia, and Austria.”
Due to its location throughout history Poland has experienced constant unrest and chaos. One of its most notable leaders was Casimir III The Great who built the country, reformed the Polish Army and insured the country’s legal code 1333-1370.
Modern history saw Poland in the midst of a world situation…
World War II began with the Nazi German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, followed by the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September. On 28 September 1939, Warsaw fell. As agreed in the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Poland was split into two zones, one occupied by Nazi Germany, the other by the Soviet Union. In 1939–1941, the Soviets deported hundreds of thousands of Poles. The Soviet NKVD executed thousands of Polish prisoners of war (among other incidents in the Katyn massacre) ahead of Operation Barbarossa. German planners had in November 1939 called for “the complete destruction of all Poles” and their fate as outlined in the genocidal Generalplan Ost.
After World War II Poland was once again a place of controversies as the Soviet Union attempted to force their brand of communism on this strategic location.
In Poland March 2nd is known as ‘Cursed Soldiers Day’
“The “cursed soldiers” (also known as “doomed soldiers“, accursed soldiers“, or “damned soldiers“; Polish: żołnierze wyklęci) or “indomitable soldiers“) Polish: żołnierze niezłomni) were a heterogeneous array of anti-Soviet–imperialist and anti-communist Polish resistance movements formed in the later stages of World War II and in its aftermath by members of the Polish Underground State. The above terms, introduced in the early 1990s, reflect the stance of many of the diehard soldiers.
These clandestine organisations continued their armed struggle against Poland’s communist government waged guerrilla warfare well into the 1950s, including attacks against prisons and state security offices, detention facilities for political prisoners, and the concentration camps that had been set up across the country. Most Polish anti-communist groups ceased to exist in the late 1950s, as they were hunted down by agents of the Ministry of Public Security and the Soviet NKVD. The last known “cursed soldier”, Józef Franczak, was killed in a 1963 ambush.
Up to 20,000 Polish people died in communist prisons. To this very day Russia remains a threat to Poland.
Mr. Tusk continues to stand up to Russia and express his support for Ukraine. Quote from 03/01/2025: “We stand with Ukraine”
deliriouslove1970. The life & times of Gary and Denise Flanders. (Free and worth every penny. If you would like to compliment the editor, send to garytheflan@deliriouslove1970.com. If you would like to complain, call your mother.) 
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